“About half a million people died in Iraq as a result of war-related causes between the US-led invasion in 2003 and mid-2011, an academic study suggests. … The study – by researchers from the University of Washington, Johns Hopkins University, Simon Fraser University and Mustansiriya University – covers March 2003 until June 2011, six months before the US withdrawal. … The study concludes that more than 60% of the estimated 461,000 excess deaths were directly attributable to violence, with the rest associated with the collapse of infrastructure and other indirect causes. These include the failures of health, sanitation, transportation, communication and other systems.”
– “Iraq study estimates war-related deaths at 461,000,” BBC.com, 10/16/2013