“The [congressional] resolution [supporting President Bush’s call to action following 9/11] states: ‘That the president is authorized to use all necessary and appropriate force against those nations, organizations, or persons he determines planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on Sept. 11, 2001, or harbored such organizations or persons, in order to prevent any future acts of international terrorism against the United States by such nations, organizations or persons.’ ”
– Jane Perlez, “U.S. Demands Arab Countries ‘Choose Sides,'” The New York Times, Sep. 15, 2001