On July 9, 2001, “Phoenix FBI Agent Ken Williams sent a memo to FBI headquarters. He reportedly identified eight Middle Eastern men studying at Arizona flight schools, and urged that the Bureau do background checks. Williams suggested that the pilots-in-training were associated with a London Islamic group with close ties to Osama bin Laden. The communiqué, which would go down in history as ‘the Phoenix memo,’ was also sent to investigators in the FBI’s New York office, the FBI’s office of origin for all bin Laden-related terrorism cases. At least three people in the office saw the memo, but no action was taken.”
– Peter Lance, 1000 Years For Revenge, Page 406