On May 29, 2001, National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice asked counterterrorism czar Richard Clarke to draft “a national security presidential directive to combat Al Qaeda. Clarke produced a draft by June 7 [2001] that outlined an ambitious, multiyear plan of covert action, diplomacy, law enforcement, financial squeezing, and, if necessary, military action.”
– Elisabeth Bumiller, Condoleezza Rice: An American Life, Page 154