According to a February 19, 2004, interview with retired Air Force Lt. Col. Karen Kwiatkowski: ” ‘The OSP [Office of Special Plans] and the Vice President’s [Dick Cheney’s] office were critical in this propaganda effort–to convince Americans that there was some just requirement for preemptive war [in Iraq]. …The Congress was misled, it was lied to. At a very minimum, that is a subversion of the Constitution. A preemptive war based on what we knew was not a pressing need is not what this country stands for.’ ”
– James Bamford, A Pretext for War, Pages 316-317