Based on the assumptions that an invasion force may not have the benefit of any coalition support and that it should be large enough to completely defeat Saddam Hussein’s military assets, Central Command leader General Tommy “Franks and his team of planners had shaved the [necessary troop] number in [plan #] 1003-98 to some 385,000, essentially the minimum number of troops that [former Central Command leader General Anthony] Zinni had concluded were necessary to occupy Iraq. But when Franks presented them on December 4 [2001], it became clear that that was not what [Secretary of Defense Donald] Rumsfeld expected. He was not looking to just trim [troop] numbers, but to change the paradigm [of modern war planning].”
– Michael R. Gordon and Bernard E. Trainor, Cobra II, Page 32