On November 8, 2002, “The UN Security Council, at the urging of the Americans and the British, voted 15 to 0 to find Iraq in ‘material breach’ of previous resolutions regarding its weapons of mass destruction. A new resolution, 1441, gave Baghdad ‘a final opportunity to comply with its disarmament obligations.’ Saddam was required to cooperate fully with ‘enhanced’ inspections. If he did not, Iraq would face ‘serious consequences’–a term that the Security Council had purposefully left undefined but that hawks in the Bush administration chose to read as military action.”
– Michael Isikoff and David Corn, Hubris, Page 158