“[T]hough [French Foreign Minister Dominique de] Villepin and President Jaques Chirac of France said they wanted to avoid a war in Iraq, their willingness to sign the resolution [1441, ordering Iraq to disarm or face ‘serious consequences’] seemed to indicate that they would not try to block any attempt by the United States to use force. ‘If Saddam Hussein does not comply,’ said Villepin [in an Agence France-Presse article on November 12, 2002], ‘if he does not satisfy his obligations, there will obviously be a use of force. …The security of the Americans is under threat from people like Saddam Hussein who are capable of using chemical and biological weapons.’ ”
– Stephen F. Hayes, Cheney, Page 388